Top 5 Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury You Should Know

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function that develops within hours or days. It can be caused by reduced blood flow, infections, or exposure to harmful substances. If not treated promptly, AKI can lead to serious complications, including permanent kidney damage.

At Southern OKC, we are committed to raising awareness about kidney health. Understanding the key risk factors for AKI can help you take preventive measures and protect your kidneys from potential harm.

1. Chronic Conditions: Diabetes, Heart Disease, and High Blood Pressure

Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension (high blood pressure) are among the leading risk factors for AKI. These conditions affect circulation and kidney function, increasing the likelihood of sudden kidney failure.

• Diabetes can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste properly.

• Heart disease affects blood circulation, which can decrease kidney function over time.

• High blood pressure forces the kidneys to work harder, leading to potential damage.
  
  

How to Reduce Risk:

• Maintain stable blood sugar levels through a balanced diet and prescribed medications.

• Control blood pressure by reducing salt intake and staying active.

• Follow a heart-healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and proper hydration.

2. Severe Infections (Sepsis and Other Infections)

Sepsis is a life-threatening infection that spreads throughout the body and can significantly impact kidney function. When the immune system fights off an infection, it can cause inflammation and a drop in blood pressure, reducing blood flow to the kidneys.

Common infections that can lead to AKI include:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Pneumonia

• Severe skin infections

• Bloodstream infections (bacteremia)
  
  

How to Reduce Risk:

• Seek immediate medical attention if you have symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills, or difficulty urinating.

• Keep up with vaccinations, especially for pneumonia and the flu.

• Stay hydrated to help your body fight infections more effectively.

3. Advanced Age (65 and Older)

As people age, their kidney function naturally declines. Individuals over the age of 65 are more likely to develop AKI, especially if they have other underlying health conditions.

Older adults are more susceptible to dehydration, infections, and medication side effects, all of which can contribute to AKI. Even mild dehydration can lead to reduced kidney function in seniors.

How to Reduce Risk:

• Drink enough water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty.

• Monitor kidney function regularly, especially if you have high blood pressure or diabetes.

• Avoid medications that could strain your kidneys unless prescribed by a doctor.

4. Major Surgery or Hospitalization

Patients who undergo major surgery or require prolonged hospitalization have a higher risk of AKI due to:

• Blood loss during surgery, which can reduce oxygen supply to the kidneys.

• Use of contrast dyes in imaging tests, which can sometimes harm kidney function.

• Medications such as NSAIDs and antibiotics that can stress the kidneys.

How to Reduce Risk:

• Discuss your kidney health with your doctor before undergoing surgery.

• Ensure proper hydration before and after medical procedures.

• Request kidney-friendly medications whenever possible.

5. Certain Medications and Toxins

Some medications and substances can harm the kidneys if used improperly or over a long period. These include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen.

• Certain antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, which can be toxic to the kidneys.

• Diuretics (water pills), which can cause dehydration if not monitored properly.

• Contrast dyes used in medical imaging tests, which may impact kidney function.

How to Reduce Risk:

• Avoid overusing painkillers like ibuprofen and opt for safer alternatives when possible.

• Inform your doctor if you have kidney concerns before taking any new medications.

• Stay hydrated, especially when taking diuretics or undergoing imaging tests.

Final Thoughts

Acute Kidney Injury can be life-threatening, but by understanding and managing these risk factors, you can take steps to protect your kidney health. Whether you have a chronic illness, are recovering from surgery, or are taking medications that may affect your kidneys, being proactive can make a significant difference.

At Southern OKC, we are dedicated to promoting kidney health awareness and providing expert care for those at risk of AKI. If you have concerns about your kidney function, consult with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized prevention plan.